Part of the structure of haemoglobin.

Part of cytochromes, which are enzymes involved in energy production.

Inhibits sugar cravings.

One of the 3 critical glycogenic amino acids, along with serine and alanine.

Involved in glycogen production, which assists in glycogen metabolism.

One of the 3 major Branched-Chain amino acids (BCAA), all of which are involved with muscle strength, endurance, and muscle stamina.

Muscle tissue uses Isoleucine as an energy source.

Required in the formation of haemoglobin.

As one of the 3 branched-chain amino acids (the other 2 being Isoleucine and Valine), Leucine has all of the properties discussed with Isoleucine, as it pertains specifically to the branched-chain amino acid functions.

Potent stimulator of insulin.

Helps with bone healing.

Helps promote skin healing.

Modulates release of Enkephalins, which are natural pain-reducers.

Inhibits viral growth and, as a result, is used in the treatment of Herpes Simplex, as well as the viruses associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Helps form collagen, the connective tissue present in bones, ligaments, tendons, and joints.

Assists in the absorption of calcium.

Essential for children, as it is critical for bone formation.

Involved in hormone production.

Lowers serum triglyceride levels.

Assists in breakdown of fats.

Precursor of the amino acids Cysteine (and Cystine) and Taurine.

Helps reduce blood cholesterol levels.

Antioxidant.

Assists in the removal of toxic wastes from the liver.

One of the sulphur-containing aminos (the others being Cysteine and the minor amino acid, Taurine). The sulphur-containing amino acids act as anti-oxidants which neutralise free radicals.

Helps prevent disorder of hair, skin, and nails due to sulphur and anti-oxidant activity.

Nicotinic Acid.

Enhances mood, clarity of thought, concentration, and memory.

Suppresses appetite.

Major part of collagen formation.

While the L-form of all of the other amino acids is the one that is beneficial to people, the D and DL forms of Phenylalanine have been useful in treating pain.

DL-Phenylalanine is useful in reducing arthritic pain.
Powerful anti-depressant.

Used in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease.

Required for formation of collagen.

Helps prevent fatty deposits in the liver.

Aids in production of antibodies.

Can be converted to Glycine (a neurotransmitter) in the central nervous system.

Acts as detoxifier.

Needed by the gastrointestinal tract for normal functioning.

Provides symptomatic relief in ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's Disease).

Threonine is often low in depressed patients. In that group of patients, Threonine is helpful in treating the depression

One of the 3 major Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) . . .the other 2 being leucine and isoleucine . . . all of which are involved with muscle strength, endurance, and muscle stamina.

Not processed by the liver before entering the blood stream.

Any acute physical stress (including surgery, sepsis, fever, trauma, starvation) requires higher amounts of Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine that any of the other amino acids.

During period of Valine deficiency, all of the other amino acids (and protein) are less well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.

Asparagine is made from Aspartic Acid plus ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate).

One of the two main excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamate, made from glutamic acid, is the other. Among their functions as neurotransmitters, of particular interest is the fact that Aspartic Acid and Asparagine have high concentrations in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that plays the main role in short-term memory, while the hypothalamus is involved in the biology of emotion, and serves as a neurological gate between

the brain and the rest of the nervous system.

Aids in removing ammonia from the body.

May increase endurance and decrease fatigue.

Detoxifies harmful chemicals.

Involved in DNA synthesis.

Probably stimulates thymus gland.